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	<title>照護百科 &#8211; 湖水綠長照</title>
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	<description>長期照顧的介紹與服務提供，包含居家照顧、日間照顧、巷弄長照站的資訊</description>
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		<title>何謂精神障礙疾病-思覺失調？該如何治療？</title>
		<link>https://www.invacare.com.tw/%e4%bd%95%e8%ac%82%e7%b2%be%e7%a5%9e%e9%9a%9c%e7%a4%99%e7%96%be%e7%97%85-%e6%80%9d%e8%a6%ba%e5%a4%b1%e8%aa%bf%ef%bc%9f%e8%a9%b2%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%b2%bb%e7%99%82%ef%bc%9f/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[王 妍融]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Jun 2023 01:28:50 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[照護百科]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.invacare.com.tw/?p=22524</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[舊稱「精神分裂症」，後改名「思覺失調症」更接近疾病的本質，也就是「思考能力」與「知覺功能」的「失調」，代表疾病是有「恢復的可能性」。思覺失調症的可能病因很多，包含生理、心理以及社會的多重原因，目前無法明確判定是哪種因素導致。]]></description>
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							<p> <a href="https://www.invacare.com.tw/?page_id=368">照護百科</a> </p>						</div>
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																<a href="https://www.invacare.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/The-nursing-home-crisis-shows-how-we-dismiss-the-joys-of-old-age.jpg" data-elementor-open-lightbox="yes" data-e-action-hash="#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjI1MjUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC93d3cuaW52YWNhcmUuY29tLnR3XC93cC1jb250ZW50XC91cGxvYWRzXC8yMDIzXC8wNlwvVGhlLW51cnNpbmctaG9tZS1jcmlzaXMtc2hvd3MtaG93LXdlLWRpc21pc3MtdGhlLWpveXMtb2Ytb2xkLWFnZS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D">
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							<h5>舊稱「精神分裂症」，後改名「思覺失調症」更接近疾病的本質，也就是「思考能力」與「知覺功能」的「失調」，代表疾病是有「恢復的可能性」。思覺失調症的可能病因很多，包含生理、心理以及社會的多重原因，目前無法明確判定是哪種因素導致。<p></p>
<p>思覺失調症是一種「症候群」，主要影響個案的「思考」與「知覺」，個案可能經歷多個不同面向的症狀，大致可分為幾個種類：</p>
</h5>
<ul>
<li>正性症狀：包含妄想、幻覺、幻聽、思想紊亂…等症狀，這也是最常被旁人察覺的症狀。</li>
<li>負性症狀：聯想障礙、自我封閉、情感冷漠、情感矛盾。</li>
<li>認知障礙：混亂思考難以專注、難以執行或決定、學習資訊或應用資訊的障礙、對自己的症狀缺乏病識感。</li>
<li>情緒與焦慮症狀</li>
</ul>
<p>目前治療方式有幾種：<br><ul><li>藥物治療：急性發作期會先進行藥物治療，控制症狀以降低行為與睡眠的影響。</li><li>心理治療：可以幫助個案增加自己的病識感，降低對疾病不熟悉造成的恐懼、焦慮，也可以對個案的心理發揮正向的支持作用。</li><li>復健治療：可以從團體活動或治療中的互動，建立良好社交關係，也可以透過職能治療，重新建立工作能力。</li></ul></p>						</div>
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		<item>
		<title>失智症照顧技巧有哪些？從症狀3階段了解起，照顧者壓力也要顧！</title>
		<link>https://www.invacare.com.tw/%e5%a4%b1%e6%99%ba%e7%97%87%e7%85%a7%e9%a1%a7%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%e6%9c%89%e5%93%aa%e4%ba%9b%ef%bc%9f%e5%be%9e%e7%97%87%e7%8b%803%e9%9a%8e%e6%ae%b5%e4%ba%86%e8%a7%a3%e8%b5%b7%ef%bc%8c%e7%85%a7%e9%a1%a7/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[lulala]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2023 16:50:39 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[照護百科]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[保健]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[醫療]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.368care.com.tw/?p=11317</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[大家常聽到的「失智症」，通常被區分為三個階段：輕度（早期）、中度（中期）、重度（晚期）。而失智症照顧的辛苦，也引起眾多的討論聲量，無論是電視劇、書籍都有以照顧失智症親人為主題的探討。當然也可透過評估量表，根據患者的認知與身體功能，提供更全面的階段與狀況描述，並協助照顧者依嚴重程度給予不同的支持與照護。而失智症照顧者的壓力也是需要關心的部分，這次本文就來帶大家了解失智症照顧技巧與照顧者壓力過大時該怎麼辦吧！

]]></description>
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							<p> <a href="https://www.invacare.com.tw/?page_id=368">照護百科</a> </p>						</div>
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							<h5>大家常聽到的「失智症」，通常被區分為三個階段：輕度（早期）、中度（中期）、重度（晚期）。而失智症照顧的辛苦，也引起眾多的討論聲量，無論是電視劇、書籍都有以照顧失智症親人為主題的探討。當然也可透過評估量表，根據患者的認知與身體功能，提供更全面的階段與狀況描述，並協助照顧者依嚴重程度給予不同的支持與照護。而失智症照顧者的壓力也是需要關心的部分，這次本文就來帶大家了解失智症照顧技巧與照顧者壓力過大時該怎麼辦吧！</h5>						</div>
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			<style>/*! elementor - v3.13.3 - 28-05-2023 */
.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}</style><h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">失智症照顧重要嗎？患者可能出現哪些狀況？</h2>		</div>
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							<h5>臨床失智評估量表（CDR）為目前最常見的量表之一，基於認知能力與功能，進行六方面評估（記憶力、方向感、判斷力與解決問題能力、社區事務、家庭與嗜好、個人護理）。並進而藉由訪問受測者及其家人，一共可分為五個階段：</h5><ul><li><h5>CDR=0：無失智症</h5></li><li><h5>CDR=0.5：代表有非常輕微的認知障礙，也就是記憶問題很輕微，但症狀是持續的。在解決問題上有些困難、日常生活受到輕微影響，但可從事個人活動（這階段平均持續7年）。</h5></li><li><h5>CDR=1：代表輕度失智，記憶力衰退是中度的，尤其是近期發生的事件，且干擾日常活動。解決問題有中度困難、不能獨立處理社區事務、從事日常活動與嗜好有困難，尤其發生在複雜活動時（這階段平均持續2年）。</h5></li><li><h5>CDR=2：代表中度失智，有嚴重的記憶喪失問題。對於時間和地點很迷惘、判斷力有障礙且難以處理問題、在家中無法獨立生活、只能做簡單的家務、感興趣的事物減少（這階段平均持續約2～4年）。</h5></li><li><h5>CDR=3：代表嚴重失智，對時間與地點很迷惘、失去判斷力與解決問題的能力、無法參與家庭以外的社區事務、需要別人幫助才能完成所有日常活動與個人護理、經常大小便失禁。</h5></li></ul>						</div>
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			<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">失智症患者會有哪些症狀？</h2>		</div>
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														<span class="data-table-header-text">失智程度</span></th>
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												<div class="td-content-wrapper"><div class="td-content">患者可獨立從事日常活動，且能駕駛與維持社交生活。經常被歸因於正常老化，然而正常老化與失智是不同的。輕微症狀包括：放錯眼鏡或提取物件名詞有困難、對於計畫或完成工作任務有困難等</div></div>
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												<div class="td-content-wrapper"><div class="td-content">患者可能會忘記自家地址、無法回憶個人經歷、對自己所到之處感到困惑、可能會忘記自己的想法、無法進行對話、難以理解他人在說什麼等，溝通變得更加困難。行為方面，出現攻擊性、抑鬱、偏執、睡眠困難、重複的動作或語言、徘徊、尿失禁等</div></div>
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												<div class="td-content-wrapper"><div class="td-content">溝通出現嚴重問題，無法與他人口頭交流。記憶力惡化的部分，例如：無法記住午餐吃了什麼、忘記家人的名字、走路困難，認為自己處於童年時期或是其他時期等，甚至有些人會臥床不起。日常生活中是需要照顧者大量協助完成所有事情</div></div>
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			<h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">失智症照顧技巧有哪些？3階段教你正確照護</h2>		</div>
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							<h3><strong>第一階段：</strong><strong>失智初期照顧技巧</strong></h3><p>失智症患者在早期階段還可以獨立作業，幾乎不需要他人協助，但會需要一些簡單的提醒，像是人名與約會等。故照顧者可以訂定一些應對策略，協助患者盡可能保持獨立，例如：寫出每日待辦事項清單、服藥時間表等。</p><p>不僅如此，照顧者應該隨時考慮到患者的安全問題，若有任何事情是不能單獨且安全執行的，就應協助在旁監督。而照顧者亦可和親人一同討論未來，制定長期的護理計劃，包括：管理財物與處理法律事務（例如預立遺囑、尚屬有效須執行的契約）等事宜。</p><h3><strong>第二階段：</strong><strong>失智症中期照顧技巧</strong></h3><p>失智症中期的患者會失去一些獨立生活的能力，通常需要有人協助日常活動，包括：洗澡、盥洗與穿衣服等。剛開始患者可能只需要一些提示，像是提醒洗澡或將衣服放在某處，然而，實際生活中有更多地方需要被幫助。</p><p>故建立例行程序就變得很重要，此時照顧更是需要保持耐心。由於此階段的失智症患者變得更難以溝通，照顧者必須緩慢且清楚地與患者交談，增加非語言交流。在安全顧慮上，由於患者已不能再自行駕駛，且獨自搭乘交通工具時是很不安全的，需要照顧者在一旁陪伴照顧。</p><h3><strong>第三階段：</strong><strong>失智症晚期照顧技巧</strong></h3><p>進入晚期失智症的患者，生活必須完全依賴照顧者，並無法獨立完成生活中的大小事，此階段需要大量照護，包括每天24小時的協助與監督。照護者在諸多方面協助患者生活起居，包括：協助患者上下床、從床上移動到椅子上、臥床時改變體位以避免產生褥瘡等。</p><p>在飲食照護上，由於失智症患者吞嚥困難，照顧者必須確保食物是細小且柔軟，甚至是泥狀，才有利於患者吞嚥。然而，並非所有家庭都有能力擁有個人化需求的照護服務，亦可聘請兼職看護或送往療養院也是可考慮的照護方式之一。</p><p>在症狀中後期可進行「記憶護理（memory care）」，讓專業人員對有需求的人進行溝通與照顧。另外，在環境設計上也需提供較適合失智患者的設施，像是：患有阿茲海默症的人，遇到牆壁時可能感到不安，而在環境上設有圓形走廊，或是在住宅增加特殊鎖，以提升安全性。若有其他醫療方面的考量，例如：需要全職照護者、需要呼吸或進食的管子，無法行走等，療養院也是另一項合適的選擇。</p><p><img src="https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/17.0.2/72x72/1f4d6.png" alt="📖" class="wp-smiley" style="height: 1em; max-height: 1em;" />   本段參考資料來源：<a href="https://www.dementiacarecentral.com/aboutdementia/facts/stages/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://www.dementiacarecentral.com/aboutdementia/facts/stages/</a></p>						</div>
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		<title>失智親友一直不吃飯、失禁？教你照顧失智者的7大實戰方法</title>
		<link>https://www.invacare.com.tw/%e5%a4%b1%e6%99%ba%e8%a6%aa%e5%8f%8b%e4%b8%80%e7%9b%b4%e4%b8%8d%e5%90%83%e9%a3%af%e5%a4%b1%e7%a6%81%e6%95%99%e4%bd%a0%e7%85%a7%e9%a1%a7%e5%a4%b1%e6%99%ba%e8%80%85%e7%9a%847%e5%a4%a7%e5%af%a6%e6%88%b0/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[lulala]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Jan 2023 09:11:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[照護百科]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[保健]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[醫療]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.368care.com.tw/?p=11228</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[根據國際阿茲海默症協會統計，全球現今有5500萬名失智人口，台灣至今則有29萬人，預計到民國120年，將成長至46萬人。

隨著老年人口愈來愈多，失智人口也快速攀升，意味著有愈來愈多的家庭需要照顧失智者。《Hello醫師》向你介紹失智症為何，並提供你7個照顧失智者的實戰方法，讓你照顧失智者不緊張、不慌張，失智者也能獲得周全的照護。]]></description>
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							<h5><a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/neurological-problems/dementia-and-alzheimers-disease/care-for-dementia-from-lives/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">BY HelloYishi</a></h5>						</div>
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							<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1440" height="960" src="https://www.invacare.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/caregiver-help-and-care-asian-senior-woman-patient-2022-10-27-03-10-48-utc-2048x1365-1.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-20647" alt="" srcset="https://www.invacare.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/caregiver-help-and-care-asian-senior-woman-patient-2022-10-27-03-10-48-utc-2048x1365-1.jpg 1440w, https://www.invacare.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/caregiver-help-and-care-asian-senior-woman-patient-2022-10-27-03-10-48-utc-2048x1365-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.invacare.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/caregiver-help-and-care-asian-senior-woman-patient-2022-10-27-03-10-48-utc-2048x1365-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://www.invacare.com.tw/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/caregiver-help-and-care-asian-senior-woman-patient-2022-10-27-03-10-48-utc-2048x1365-1-768x512.jpg 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px" />								</a>
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							<div class="unique-content" data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" data-hidden="false"><div class="sc-67167ecd-4 sc-67167ecd-7 sc-67167ecd-8 yTxQS cMEIYa ZQmJP body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"><h5>根據<a href="https://www.alz.co.uk/research/statistics" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="國際阿茲海默症協會" data-event-label="https://www.alz.co.uk/research/statistics">國際阿茲海默症協會</a>（Alzheimer’s Disease International, ADI）統計，全球現今有5500萬名失智人口，台灣至今則有29萬人，預計到民國120年，將成長至46萬人。</h5></div></div><div class="sc-67167ecd-4 sc-67167ecd-7 sc-67167ecd-8 yTxQS cMEIYa ZQmJP body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"><p>隨著老年人口愈來愈多，失智人口也快速攀升，意味著有愈來愈多的家庭需要照顧失智者。《Hello醫師》向你介紹失智症為何，並提供你7個照顧失智者的實戰方法，讓你照顧失智者不緊張、不慌張，失智者也能獲得周全的照護。</p><h2>失智症是所有失智疾病的總稱</h2><p>失智症不是單獨一種疾病的名稱，而是所有失智疾病的總稱。失智症與<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/active-aging/exercises-that-can-protect-the-aging-brain/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="老化" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/active-aging/exercises-that-can-protect-the-aging-brain/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">老化</a>不同，除了<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/nutrition-for-aging/senior-brain-foods/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="記憶力" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/nutrition-for-aging/senior-brain-foods/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">記憶力</a>減退，其他認知功能也都在退化，包括<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/ways-to-boost-babys-language-development/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="語言能力" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/ways-to-boost-babys-language-development/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">語言能力</a>、空間感、計算力、判斷力、抽象思考能力、注意力等，常見的失智症包括阿茲海默症（Alzheimer`s Disease）、額顳葉型失智症 （Frontotemporal dementia）、路易氏體失智症（Dementia with Lewy Bodies）等。</p><h2>7大照顧失智者的實戰方法</h2><p>失智初期，患者情況可能還不嚴重，對家人的生活沒有太大影響，但隨著病情惡化，失智者變得易怒、記憶力嚴重衰退，甚至無法正常生活時，家人可能會開始手忙腳亂，因此家人間最好仔細<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/active-aging/what-to-do-when-elderly-refuse-care/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="溝通" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/active-aging/what-to-do-when-elderly-refuse-care/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">溝通</a>，尋求醫療與社會資源協助，互相合作，才好制定良善的時間安排。</p><h3><strong>1. 從溝通開始：說話口氣輕柔，內容簡短易懂</strong></h3><p>與失智者說話時，說話語氣輕柔，速度放慢，儘量用簡短易懂的句子，並且多給予一些答案選項，以達到方便溝通的目的。</p></div><div class="unique-content" data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" data-hidden="false"><div class="sc-67167ecd-4 sc-67167ecd-7 sc-67167ecd-8 yTxQS cMEIYa ZQmJP body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"><h5>在失智者回答時，別因為語速較慢，就打斷他們，這樣他們會暗自<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/neurological-problems/dementia-and-alzheimers-disease/understand-and-take-good-care-of-persons-with-dementia/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="挫折" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/neurological-problems/dementia-and-alzheimers-disease/understand-and-take-good-care-of-persons-with-dementia/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">挫折</a>，變得更不善言辭。在失智者回答後，別忘了適時回應，表示您聽到了，同時，多給予<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/babys-first-year/development-and-milestones/22-month-old/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="讚美" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/babys-first-year/development-and-milestones/22-month-old/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">讚美</a>，<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/babys-first-year/development-and-milestones/baby-born-week17/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="鼓勵" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/babys-first-year/development-and-milestones/baby-born-week17/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">鼓勵</a>，讓失智者說出更多話來表達自己的想法。</h5></div></div>						</div>
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							<div class="unique-content" data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" data-hidden="false"><div class="sc-67167ecd-4 sc-67167ecd-7 sc-67167ecd-8 yTxQS cMEIYa ZQmJP body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"><h3><strong>2. 從飲食開始：提醒喝水，吃飯細嚼慢嚥</strong></h3><p>如果家中有失智症親人，記得提醒他們<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/cancer/breast-cancer/tips-to-lower-breast-cancer-risk/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="多喝水" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/cancer/breast-cancer/tips-to-lower-breast-cancer-risk/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">多喝水</a>，有時候失智者雖然口乾舌燥，但他們會察覺不到或無法表達，若長時間沒補充水分，容易發生泌尿道<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/urinary-tract-infection/what-is-urinary-tract-infection/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="感染" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/urological-health/urinary-tract-infection/what-is-urinary-tract-infection/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">感染</a>，也會導致<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/stomach/constipation/how-to-deal-with-constipation/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="便祕" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/stomach/constipation/how-to-deal-with-constipation/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">便祕</a>，進而衍生更多生理及心理問題。</p><p>另外，關於飲食方面，失智者除了在進食上需要他人協助之外，還可能無法辨認<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/nutrition-for-aging/senior-brain-foods/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="食物" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/nutrition-for-aging/senior-brain-foods/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">食物</a>、忘記喜歡吃什麼、拒絕吃東西，甚至還會要求異常的飲食。</p><p>有些時候失智症患者之所以<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/childrens-health/other-child-health-issues/tips-of-increasing-kids-appetite/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="食慾不振" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/childrens-health/other-child-health-issues/tips-of-increasing-kids-appetite/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">食慾不振</a>，可能是因為<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/aging-mind/how-to-deal-with-depression-in-the-elderly/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="憂鬱症" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/aging-mind/how-to-deal-with-depression-in-the-elderly/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">憂鬱症</a>、溝通問題（如無法表達飢餓）、進食不順暢（<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/oral-health/other-oral-health-issues/deal-with-sensitive-teeth/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="牙齒" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/oral-health/other-oral-health-issues/deal-with-sensitive-teeth/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">牙齒</a>或牙齦痛）、<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/sleep/insomnia/insomnia-causes/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="疲倦" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/sleep/insomnia/insomnia-causes/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">疲倦</a>、<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/stomach/other-digestive-issues/prevention-of-pill-induced-esophagitis/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="藥物" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/stomach/other-digestive-issues/prevention-of-pill-induced-esophagitis/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">藥物</a>作用、缺乏活動，以及便祕等因素所造成。因此家人們要盡可能體諒，多留時間用餐，別去催促患者，造成他們進食壓力。</p><p>此外，針對食物也要花些心思，除了色香味俱全會更添食慾之外，將食物切成小塊，也好方便入口、咀嚼及<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/other-healthy-eating-tips/food-to-avoid-while-having-digestive-problems/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="消化" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/other-healthy-eating-tips/food-to-avoid-while-having-digestive-problems/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">消化</a>。</p><h3><strong>3. 從如廁開始：體貼失禁及忘記上廁所，預先做好如廁說明</strong></h3></div></div><div class="unique-content" data-amp-bind-class="(largeFont == true ? 'amp-text-large ' : 'amp-text-small ') + 'unique-content'" data-hidden="false"><div class="sc-67167ecd-4 sc-67167ecd-7 sc-67167ecd-8 yTxQS cMEIYa ZQmJP body-content article-content-wrapper" data-size="small"><p>失智者若有泌尿道感染、便祕、攝護腺肥大等困擾，容易造成大小便<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/aging-body/how-to-cope-with-urinary-incontinence-in-elderly/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="失禁" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/aging-body/how-to-cope-with-urinary-incontinence-in-elderly/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">失禁</a>的問題，而且失智者還可能忘記怎麼<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/toddler-years/toddler-and-preschooler-growth-and-development/ways-to-train-toddler-poop-potty/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="上廁所" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/toddler-years/toddler-and-preschooler-growth-and-development/ways-to-train-toddler-poop-potty/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">上廁所</a>，如忘記脫褲子、忘記使用衛生紙、上完忘記沖馬桶，或忘記如何前往廁所。若<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/cancer/how-to-be-a-caregiver-for-cancer-patients/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="照護者" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/cancer/how-to-be-a-caregiver-for-cancer-patients/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">照護者</a>沒有妥善處理，可能造成患者尷尬、壓抑等情緒，以至於後續上廁所不願意求助，不小心尿在褲子上。</p><p>因此，家人除了要預先設想患者的狀況，可以在廁所明顯位置張貼上廁所的步驟，甚至在馬桶、衛生紙盒上標示名稱，以提醒患者。最後，記得照顧患者時要體恤他們的心情，或許他們忘記某些事情，但從言語動作，還是能感受到照顧的人有沒有不耐煩或<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/mental-health/stress-management/laughter-is-contagious-and-good-for-health/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="負面情緒" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/mental-health/stress-management/laughter-is-contagious-and-good-for-health/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">負面情緒</a>。</p><h3><strong>4. 從睡眠開始：睡眠作息穩定，白天多外出走動</strong></h3><p>失智症會嚴重影響患者的<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/sleep/a-good-nights-sleep/snooze-button-affect-brain-and-sleep-cycle/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="生理時鐘" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/sleep/a-good-nights-sleep/snooze-button-affect-brain-and-sleep-cycle/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">生理時鐘</a>，讓失智者會有<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/sleep/insomnia/insomnia-causes/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="睡眠" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/sleep/insomnia/insomnia-causes/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">睡眠</a>上的困擾，例如入睡後頻頻醒來，或在夜裡到處晃，若家人沒注意，容易有危險，而這種狀況一旦延續，會造成作息<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-habits/general-hygiene/ways-to-keep-healthy-working-shifts/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="日夜顛倒" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-habits/general-hygiene/ways-to-keep-healthy-working-shifts/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">日夜顛倒</a>、白天精神不濟，以及睡眠不足等衍生問題。遇到這些情形，家人首先要讓患者作息穩定、維持良好睡眠習慣。白天多讓患者出外運動，傍晚後減少進食，避免攝取<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/other-healthy-eating-tips/benefits-of-being-free-from-caffeine/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="咖啡因" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/healthy-eating/other-healthy-eating-tips/benefits-of-being-free-from-caffeine/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">咖啡因</a>，並切勿吃消夜。</p><p>另外，確保臥室能幫助失智者睡眠，除了環境靜謐、沒有光線干擾之外，記得設置24小時制時鐘，能讓患者夜間醒來時可以知道時間。</p><h3><strong>5. 從自理能力開始：忘東忘西沒關係，從小事開始做起</strong></h3><p>失智者不但記憶衰退，言語溝通和判斷能力也跟著變差，即使以往熟悉擅長的事情，也變得陌生。所以基於安全考量，家人可以讓失智親人從簡單的生活<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/unspoil-child-by-assigning-them-housework/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="小事" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/unspoil-child-by-assigning-them-housework/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">小事</a>做起，一方面可以教導患者熟悉生活瑣事，一方面不至於讓患者遭逢太危險或難以勝任的工作。</p><p>建議家人可以趁下班後或週末，和患者一起到附近超市採買，偶爾一起整理庭院、拔拔草、種種花，都是很好的選擇。</p><h3><strong>6. 從居家環境開始：照明、提醒不能少，危險物品要收好</strong></h3><p>建議家人保持環境整潔、地板乾燥，家具物品可以貼上名稱標籤，幫助患者記憶，並且去除環境裡多餘的家飾、家具有稜角處應小心包好、刀具危險物品也應收藏好，以免患者誤觸發生危險。另外，燈光明亮對於失智患者行動上有很大助益，患者有時精神意識不清，若樓梯、廁所、家裡角落處昏暗不明，容易有<a href="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/active-aging/what-you-can-do-to-prevent-elderly-falls/" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="摔倒" data-event-label="https://helloyishi.com.tw/senior-healthcare/active-aging/what-you-can-do-to-prevent-elderly-falls/" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">摔倒</a>危險，所以陰暗處最好裝設自動感應照明，其他燈光開關的設置也必須方便觸及。</p><h3 class="end-of-article" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-11485355_13="152631" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-11485355_13="100" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-11485355_13="1"><strong>7. 尋求社會資源：照顧失智不孤單，向相關單位尋求協助</strong></h3><p class="end-of-article" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-11485355_13="152662" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-11485355_13="100" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-11485355_13="1"><a href="https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-189-207-1.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="衛福部" data-event-label="https://www.mohw.gov.tw/cp-189-207-1.html">衛福部</a>指導編制的「失智症診療手冊」歸納出，照護者可以透過居家式照護（如聘請外籍看護）、社區式照護（如瑞智學堂協助日間照護）、機構式照護（如醫院開設的護理之家、榮民之家等照護單位），以及其他資源（如身心障礙手冊、輔具租借補助）等方面得到社會幫助，更多資訊可上<a href="https://tada2002.ehosting.com.tw/Support.Tada2002.org.tw/support_resources01.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow" data-event-category="Internal Link Click on Article" data-event-action="失智症社會支持中心" data-event-label="https://tada2002.ehosting.com.tw/Support.Tada2002.org.tw/support_resources01.html">失智症社會支持中心</a>社會支持網了解，也可以撥打衛福部失智症關懷專線0800-474-580（失智時，我幫您），請求協助。</p></div></div>						</div>
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